What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong developmental condition that affects how a person experiences the world. It influences communication, behavior, social interaction, and learning styles. Since autism is a spectrum, each individual is unique—some may need significant support, while others live fully independent lives.

Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects an individual's ability to communicate, interact socially, and engage in repetitive behaviors. It is considered a spectrum because the severity and nature of symptoms can vary widely among individuals. Some may have significant intellectual disabilities, while others may have average or above-average intelligence. The condition is generally diagnosed in early childhood, though the signs can sometimes be noticed as early as 18 months or even younger.

People with autism often face challenges in social communication, such as understanding nonverbal cues, maintaining eye contact, or interpreting figurative language. They might have difficulty with social interactions, preferring solitude or interacting in ways that others find unusual. Some individuals with autism may also engage in repetitive behaviors, such as hand-flapping, rocking, or strict routines. These behaviors are often a way for the individual to cope with stress, uncertainty, or overstimulation in their environment.

The causes of autism are still not fully understood, though it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Research suggests that certain genes may predispose individuals to autism, but no single cause has been identified. Additionally, early intervention and therapies, such as speech therapy, occupational therapy, and behavioral therapy, can significantly improve the quality of life for people with autism, helping them develop skills to manage challenges and thrive in various environments. Despite the challenges, many people with autism lead fulfilling lives, with a wide range of abilities, interests, and potential.